Section 123 Agreement

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Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation.[1] Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement.[citation needed] To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-five 123 Agreements with various countries.[2] Countries with which the U.S. has or had or working towards having a 123 Agreement:

  • Morocco[3]
  • Ukraine[4]
  • Romania[5]
  • Japan (with automatic re-processing rights)[6]
  • Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)[6]
  • China (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)[6]
  • Switzerland
  • India (With advance consent to reprocessing) [7]
  • Russia (On September 8, 2008 President Bush notified the United States Congress that there was no basis for further consideration of a 123 agreement with Russia.)[8]
  • (other countries - to do)

  1. ^ "NUREG0980 Vol.1,No.6 - Nuclear Regulatory Legislation", http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr0980/ml022200075-vol1.pdf#pagemode=bookmarks&page=57, retrieved on 30 June 2002. 
  2. ^ National Nuclear Security Administration - 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation
  3. ^ "NRC: SECY-01-0033 - Proposed Renewal of the Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Morocco", http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/cvr/2001/2001-0033vtr.html, retrieved on 2 March 2001. 
  4. ^ "NRC: SECY-98-62 - Proposed Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Ukraine", http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/cvr/1998/1998-062vtr.html, retrieved on 1 April 1998. 
  5. ^ "NRC: SECY-98-006 - Proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the U.S. and Romania", http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/secys/1998/secy1998-006/1998-006scy.html, retrieved on 12 January 1998. 
  6. ^ a b c "Long haul ahead", http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2412/stories/20070629007011400.htm, retrieved on 29 June 2007. 
  7. ^ http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080066944
  8. ^ "Statement on U.S.-Russia 123 Agreement", http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/09/109256.htm, retrieved on 9 September 2008. 

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